@inproceedings{b642cf0e45e343ecb46ffc6dcf2abd1b,
title = "Noninvasive in vivo millimeter-wave measurements of glucose: First results in human subjects",
abstract = "We present initial data on noninvasive millimeter-wave tracking of glucose levels in human subjects. Measurements were made using three separate test systems, all giving similar results: (1) a K-band (WR42) rectangular waveguide clamp coupled to a direct detector to measure transmission magnitude through the upper ear between 15 and 25 GHz; (2) a K-band waveguide clamp connected to a vector network analyzer to measure magnitude and phase of transmitted power through the ear lobe; and (3) a Ka-band rectangular waveguide clamp operating from 26-36 GHz also recording complex transmission coefficients through the ear lobe. A novel compact CMOS heterodyne transceiver operating at 19-21 GHz was also tested, but failed to show sufficient antenna-to-antenna power coupling to produce useful results. Data was collected during a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in one healthy volunteer and correlated with blood glucose measurements using a commercial glucometer. Preliminary results show good correlation between blood glucose measurements (invasive) and both magnitude and phase of millimeter-wave transmission (non-invasive) through the skin, and are in accordance with our earlier animal experiments conducted on anesthetized rats.",
author = "Siegel, {Peter H.} and Adrian Tang and Rod Kim and Gabriel Virbila and Mau-Chung Chang and Victor Pikov",
year = "2017",
month = oct,
day = "12",
doi = "10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2017.8067035",
language = "English",
series = "International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, IRMMW-THz",
publisher = "IEEE Computer Society",
booktitle = "2017 42nd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, IRMMW-THz 2017",
address = "United States",
note = "null ; Conference date: 27-08-2017 Through 01-09-2017",
}