Formation of Stable Tin Perovskites Co-crystallized with Three Halides for Carbon-Based Mesoscopic Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Cheng Min Tsai; Nayantara Mohanta; Chi Yung Wang; Yu Pei Lin; Yaw Wen Yang; Chien-Lung Wang; Chen Hsiung Hung; Wei-Guang Diau

doi:10.1002/anie.201707037

Formation of Stable Tin Perovskites Co-crystallized with Three Halides for Carbon-Based Mesoscopic Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Cheng Min Tsai, Nayantara Mohanta, Chi Yung Wang, Yu Pei Lin, Yaw Wen Yang, Chien-Lung Wang, Chen Hsiung Hung, Wei-Guang Diau^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Applied Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

41 Scopus citations

Abstract

We synthesized and characterized methylammonium (MA) mixed tri-halide tin perovskites (MASnIBr_2−xCl_x) for carbon-based mesoscopic solar cells free of lead and hole-transporting layers. Varied SnCl₂/SnBr₂ ratios yielded tin perovskites with three halides (I, Br, and Cl) co-crystallized inside the tin-perovskite. When the SnCl₂ proportion was ≥50 % (x≥1), phase separation occurred to give MASnI_3−yBr_y and MASnCl_3−zBr_z in the stoichiometric proportions of their precursors, confirmed by XRD. A device with MASnIBr_1.8Cl_0.2 (SnCl₂=10 %) showed the best photovoltaic performance: J_SC=14.0 mA cm⁻², V_OC=380 mV, FF=0.573, and PCE=3.1 %, and long-term stability. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) show superior charge recombination and dielectric relaxation properties for the MASnIBr_1.8Cl_0.2 cell. Transient PL decays showed the intrinsic problem of tin-based perovskites with average lifetimes less than 100 ps.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	13819-13823
Number of pages	5
Journal	Angewandte Chemie - International Edition
Volume	56
Issue number	44
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201707037
State	Published - 23 Oct 2017

Keywords

carbon electrodes
halides
perovskites
solar cells
tin

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title = "Formation of Stable Tin Perovskites Co-crystallized with Three Halides for Carbon-Based Mesoscopic Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells",

abstract = "We synthesized and characterized methylammonium (MA) mixed tri-halide tin perovskites (MASnIBr2−xClx) for carbon-based mesoscopic solar cells free of lead and hole-transporting layers. Varied SnCl2/SnBr2 ratios yielded tin perovskites with three halides (I, Br, and Cl) co-crystallized inside the tin-perovskite. When the SnCl2 proportion was ≥50 % (x≥1), phase separation occurred to give MASnI3−yBry and MASnCl3−zBrz in the stoichiometric proportions of their precursors, confirmed by XRD. A device with MASnIBr1.8Cl0.2 (SnCl2=10 %) showed the best photovoltaic performance: JSC=14.0 mA cm−2, VOC=380 mV, FF=0.573, and PCE=3.1 %, and long-term stability. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) show superior charge recombination and dielectric relaxation properties for the MASnIBr1.8Cl0.2 cell. Transient PL decays showed the intrinsic problem of tin-based perovskites with average lifetimes less than 100 ps.",

keywords = "carbon electrodes, halides, perovskites, solar cells, tin",

author = "Tsai, {Cheng Min} and Nayantara Mohanta and Wang, {Chi Yung} and Lin, {Yu Pei} and Yang, {Yaw Wen} and Chien-Lung Wang and Hung, {Chen Hsiung} and Wei-Guang Diau",

year = "2017",

month = oct,

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doi = "10.1002/anie.201707037",

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journal = "Angewandte Chemie - International Edition",

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Formation of Stable Tin Perovskites Co-crystallized with Three Halides for Carbon-Based Mesoscopic Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells. / Tsai, Cheng Min; Mohanta, Nayantara; Wang, Chi Yung; Lin, Yu Pei; Yang, Yaw Wen; Wang, Chien-Lung; Hung, Chen Hsiung; Diau, Wei-Guang.

In: Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, Vol. 56, No. 44, 23.10.2017, p. 13819-13823.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Formation of Stable Tin Perovskites Co-crystallized with Three Halides for Carbon-Based Mesoscopic Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

AU - Tsai, Cheng Min

AU - Mohanta, Nayantara

AU - Wang, Chi Yung

AU - Lin, Yu Pei

AU - Yang, Yaw Wen

AU - Wang, Chien-Lung

AU - Hung, Chen Hsiung

AU - Diau, Wei-Guang

PY - 2017/10/23

Y1 - 2017/10/23

N2 - We synthesized and characterized methylammonium (MA) mixed tri-halide tin perovskites (MASnIBr2−xClx) for carbon-based mesoscopic solar cells free of lead and hole-transporting layers. Varied SnCl2/SnBr2 ratios yielded tin perovskites with three halides (I, Br, and Cl) co-crystallized inside the tin-perovskite. When the SnCl2 proportion was ≥50 % (x≥1), phase separation occurred to give MASnI3−yBry and MASnCl3−zBrz in the stoichiometric proportions of their precursors, confirmed by XRD. A device with MASnIBr1.8Cl0.2 (SnCl2=10 %) showed the best photovoltaic performance: JSC=14.0 mA cm−2, VOC=380 mV, FF=0.573, and PCE=3.1 %, and long-term stability. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) show superior charge recombination and dielectric relaxation properties for the MASnIBr1.8Cl0.2 cell. Transient PL decays showed the intrinsic problem of tin-based perovskites with average lifetimes less than 100 ps.

AB - We synthesized and characterized methylammonium (MA) mixed tri-halide tin perovskites (MASnIBr2−xClx) for carbon-based mesoscopic solar cells free of lead and hole-transporting layers. Varied SnCl2/SnBr2 ratios yielded tin perovskites with three halides (I, Br, and Cl) co-crystallized inside the tin-perovskite. When the SnCl2 proportion was ≥50 % (x≥1), phase separation occurred to give MASnI3−yBry and MASnCl3−zBrz in the stoichiometric proportions of their precursors, confirmed by XRD. A device with MASnIBr1.8Cl0.2 (SnCl2=10 %) showed the best photovoltaic performance: JSC=14.0 mA cm−2, VOC=380 mV, FF=0.573, and PCE=3.1 %, and long-term stability. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) show superior charge recombination and dielectric relaxation properties for the MASnIBr1.8Cl0.2 cell. Transient PL decays showed the intrinsic problem of tin-based perovskites with average lifetimes less than 100 ps.

KW - carbon electrodes

KW - halides

KW - perovskites

KW - solar cells

KW - tin

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