An analytical approach on the determination of generator reflection coefficients used in the noise-parameter measurement

In performing microwave and millimeter-wave noise-parameter measurements, a set of generator reflection coefficients and their corresponding noise temperatures need to be measured first. Allowing measurement errors, values of these generator reflection coefficients will affect the accuracy of final results. Though simulation alone can be used to find out on the Smith chart the preferred pattern of the generator reflection coefficients, its analytical counterpart has not been explored yet. This paper intends to derive the related mathematical expressions, thus complements and strengthens the simulation method.